AUTHOR=Draper Isabel , Albaba Dania , Mesbah Heba , Taktak Huda , Saadoun Nidhal , Alhusein Mohammad , Alissa Elharit , Barbour Anas , Sahloul Zaher , Moukaddam Nidal 
  
TITLE=Prevalence of Substance Use in Northwest Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study
  
JOURNAL=International Journal of Public Health
  
VOLUME=Volume 71 - 2026
  
YEAR=2026
  
URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/international-journal-of-public-health/articles/10.3389/ijph.2026.1608611
  
DOI=10.3389/ijph.2026.1608611
  
ISSN=1661-8564
  
ABSTRACT=ObjectivesSyria has undergone significant socio-political turmoil since 2011 as internal conflict displaced portions of the population, destroyed infrastructure, and destabilized the economy. In the context of multilevel healthcare system disruptions, there have been increasing reports of substance use. This study seeks to evaluate patterns of substance use in Northwestern Syria.MethodsTrained staff administered questionnaires to community members in Azaz, Syria. Questions focused on the substance use prevalence, societal and public health impacts, and perspectives on treatment availability.Results480 individuals were surveyed (80·88% male, 19·12 % female; 43·39% were 18–25 yrs, 11·5% reported personal substance use). H-booz (amphetamines), hashish (cannabis), and tramadol were the top 3 used. Displaced individuals exhibited twice the odds of substance use compared to non-displaced, with higher education and age demonstrating strong protective effects.ConclusionsThe current sociopolitical and economic situation shaped patterns of substance use within Syria, with reported prevalence likely an underestimate given social desirability bias. Those commenting on their use met the criteria for substance use disorder. Results underscore the need for improved access to treatment options in the region.